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EDWIN POWELL HUBBLE
Edwin Hubble:BIOGRAPHY
CHILDHOOD:
When someone mentions the name, Hubble, the first thing that people think of is the Hubble Space Telescope. They might not realize that there is someone in history who is named Edwin Hubble.
MOVES THROUGHOUT HIS LIFE:
In 1898 the company that John Powell Hubble worked for, Old American Insurance, offered him a position in Chicago, so John moved his family to Evanston, Illinois. However, after reading a pamphlet titled, "Wheaton and Its Homes," the Hubble family moved to the suberbs of Wheaton, Illinois. It was there that Edwin Hubble grew up.
IMPORTANT DISCOVERIES
"Our Universe is expanding."
The Andromeda Nebula is actually a galaxy, therefore, other assumed nebulae are actually galaxies themselves.
FUN FACTS ABOUT EDWIN HUBBLE:
On Edwin Hubble's commencement day in 1906, the principal said, "Edwin Hubble, I have watched for four years and I have never seen you study for even ten minutes." After a brief pause, the principal went on, "Here is a scholarship to the University of Chicago."
In high school, Edwin Hubble had such an excellent reputation as a boxer that a sports promoter wanted him to train for a fight with Jack Johnson, the then world heavyweight champion.
While working at Mount Wilson Observatory, Edwin Hubble encountered his greatest scientific rival, Harlow Shapely, for the first time.
Biography for your scientist
Picture - Be careful ask for permission!!!!
Important discoveries
Personal life
At least three fun facts that we didn't know about your scientist
LINKS TO MORE INFORMATION ON EDWIN HUBBLE
All About Edwin Hubble
Edwin Hubble 1889-1953 : All about the Work and Theories of Edwin Hubble. Written by Allan Sandage
HubbleSite : All about Edwin Hubble and the Telescope
Biography for your scientist
Picture - Be careful ask for permission!!!!
Important discoveries
Personal life
At least three fun facts that we didn't know about your scientist
IMPORTANT DISCOVERIES
"Our Universe is expanding."
*
FUN FACTS ABOUT EDWIN HUBBLE:
On Edwin Hubble's commencement day in 1906, the principal said, "Edwin Hubble, I have watched for four years and I have never seen you study for even ten minutes." After a brief pause, the principal went on, "Here is a scholarship to the University of Chicago."
In high school, Edwin Hubble had such an excellent reputation as a boxer that a sports promoter wanted him to train for a fight with Jack Johnson, the then world heavyweight champion.
While working at Mount Wilson Observatory, Edwin Hubble encountered his greatest scientific rival, Harlow Shapely, for the first time.

Edwin Hubble 1889-1953 : All about the Work and Theories of Edwin Hubble. Written by Allan Sandage
HubbleSite : All about Edwin Hubble and the Telescope
Biography for your scientist
Picture - Be careful ask for permission!!!!
Important discoveries
Personal life
At least three fun facts that we didn't know about your scientist
IMPORTANT DISCOVERIES
"Our Universe is expanding."
*
FUN FACTS ABOUT EDWIN HUBBLE:
On Edwin Hubble's commencement day in 1906, the principal said, "Edwin Hubble, I have watched for four years and I have never seen you study for even ten minutes." After a brief pause, the principal went on, "Here is a scholarship to the University of Chicago."
In high school, Edwin Hubble had such an excellent reputation as a boxer that a sports promoter wanted him to train for a fight with Jack Johnson, the then world heavyweight champion.
#While working at Mount Wilson Observatory, Edwin Hubble encountered his greatest scientific rival, Harlow Shapely, for the first time.

Edwin Hubble 1889-1953 : All about the Work and Theories of Edwin Hubble. Written by Allan Sandage
HubbleSite : All about Edwin Hubble and the Telescope
FUN FACTS ABOUT EDWIN HUBBLE:
On Edwin Hubble's commencement day in 1906, the principal said, "Edwin Hubble, I have watched for four years and I have never seen you study for even ten minutes." After a brief pause, the principal went on, "Here is a scholarship to the University of Chicago."
In high school, Edwin Hubble had such an excellent reputation as a boxer that a sports promoter wanted him to train for a fight with Jack Johnson, the then world heavyweight champion.
#

Edwin had an uncanny intellect and liking for books starting at a very young age. He especially liked to read books written by Jules Verne and H. Rider Haggard, and was impressed by Haggard's book King Solomon's Mines. His interest in astronomy began at a very young age. Edwin also kept in correspondence with his grandfather. When he was 12 years old, his grandfather asked him some questions about Mars. His grandfather was so impressed with Edwin's replies that he had them printed in a Springfield Newspaper. This turned out to be only a little bit of a glimpse of Edwin Hubble's profound interest and knowledge of the stars and other heavenly bodies, which he possessed only by sheer inclination.
SCHOOLING:
Wheaton, Illinois. He attended high school in Chicago, Illinois, where he was a promising, but not exceptional, student. He kept up-to-date with academic and athletic records at school, however, he most likely more recognized for his athletic than academic ability. At Wheaton High School, he was an excellent student and athlete because he actively participated in athletics and sports.
MOVES THROUGHOUT HIS LIFE:
In 1898 the company that John Powell Hubble worked for, Old American Insurance, offered him a position in Chicago, so John moved his family to Evanston, Illinois. However, after reading a pamphlet titled, "Wheaton and Its Homes," the Hubble family moved to the suberbs of Wheaton, Illinois. It was there that Edwin Hubble grew up.

Early Life of Copernicus
Nickolaus Copernicus, the youngest of four children, was born on February 13, 1473, to a wealthy copper trader, and patrician mother, in the city of Torin, Prussia, then a region of The Kingdom Of Poland. His father passed away when Copernicus was 12 years old, leaving him in the care of a Catholic Cleric, and maternal uncle whom ensured a secure education and future for him. He began school in 1491, enrolling in Krakow Academy, where he became fascinated with astronomy after attending classes conducted by Professor Albert Brudzewski. After four years at Krakow, he went on to study law and medicine Bologna University and Padua. It was here that he encountered Domenico Maria Novara De Ferrara, a famous astronomer during the Renaissance. Copernicus attended Ferrara's lectures and eventually became his assistant. His first observations with Ferrara are recorded in his book "On the Rotations of Heavenly Spheres." While attending University in Padua, Copernicus encountered texts written by Cicero and Plato addressing the movement of the earth, which he drew from while formulating his own theories. It was in 1504 that Copernicus began gathering evidence that supported his theory.²
University Life and Work
In 1503, the time. In fact, most of Europe was aware of Copernicus's ideas, although he was reluctant to publish his actual data. It is still disputed whether or not Copernicus was merely afraid of offending the church and other philisophical venues with his groundbreaking theories. In any case, he was correct, and it doesn't quite matter nowadays as his theories have been proven.
Legacy of Copernicus
The debate on whether or not the Copernican model violates the truth of the Holy Bible never did much harm to Copernicus himself, thought there was certainly controversy. In the case of Gallelio however, who was accused by the catholic church of heresy for " following the ideas of Copernicus" there was much swifter punishment for such a breach of ancient faith. He was placed on house arrest for the remainder of his living yeas. The Catholics believed that evidence in the Bible as well as the Pythagorean doctrine could prove that the sun was immobile, while only the earth rotated, thus invalidating Copernicus' ideas. Copernicus' book was not removed from banned status until 1835, but his findings remained true.
Death and Conclusion
Copernicus died on May 24, 1593, supposedly from a stroke which caused him to enter a coma. It is generally believed that he awoke shortly before his death, and during his short awakening, On the Rotations of Heavenly Spheres was placed into his hands. He was buried in Frombork cathedral at the place of his death. Recently, Scientists have unearthed the grave of Copernicus and have verified through carbon dating and DNA anaylsis that it is in fact Copernicus and not a look a like.
Copernican Model vs. Ptolemaic Model
Sources Cited:
¹www.wikipedia.org/copernicus
²Gingerich (2004, pp.187–189,201 )
³³http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/copernicus/
⁴http://www.blupete.com/Literature/Biographies/Science/Copernicus.htm
⁵⁵1http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/copernicus/#2.1

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Jim Gates was a key person ingetting Hampton University in Virginia, Florida A&M University in Tallahassee, and Howard University in Washington, D.C. Ph.D programs for physics. he now is the director of the Center for String and Particle Theory at the University of Maryland. 1
supersymmetry , andand particle physics,
Bibliography:
1.http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bpgate.html

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After high school he went to college at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, then when he got his degree he went to Harvard and Cal Tech to further study physics. During college he tried to become and astronaut but failed to meet the final requirement. He was friends Ron McNair, one of the astronauts who was on the Challenger expedition that crashed in 1986 killing all of the crew.2
Jim Gates was a key person ingetting Hampton University in Virginia, Florida A&M University in Tallahassee, and Howard University in Washington, D.C. Ph.D programs for physics. he now is the director of the Center for String and Particle Theory at the University of Maryland. 1

{Niels_Bohr.jpg} Niels Bohr (October 7, 1885- November 18, 1962)"The opposite of a fact is falsehood, but the opposite of one profound truth may very well be another profound truth." -Niels Bohr
Early Life
to love scienceatscience at a very physiologist. After receiveingreceiving a doctorate
Early Work
electrons would eventualyeventually run out
Bohr became intrigued by this and spent much of his time working on the further development of this theory. In 1913 Bohr published his model of atomic structure which stated that electrons traveled in orbitals around the nucleus of an atom, that the electrons in the outer orbitals determined the chemical properties of the atom, and that radiation from the atoms happened when electrons lost energy and moved down an orbital. This work earned him "The Nobel Prize in Physics for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them".
Family
In 1912 Bohr married Margrethe Nørlund and they had six sons, two of which lived to adulthood, the other four are Henrik, Erik, Aage, and Ernest. Henrik is a M.D., Erik is a Chemical Engineer, Ernest is a Lawyer, and Aage became a theoretical physicist and in 1975 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics along with Ben Mottelson and Leo Rainwater "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection".
Further Work
after the creaioncreation of the
Bohr was also acquainted with Einstein and although the two were both brilliant physicists Einstein's belief about physics was that it would rationalize what was happening in the world, Bohr was simply interested in the equations and did not worry about how they related to reality. Bohr served, until his death on November 18, 1965, as head of the Institute of Theoretical Physics at Copenhagen University which was established for him. Bohr also published many writings and has well over 100 published works including three books.
Sources

Family
In 1912 Bohr married Margrethe Nørlund and they had six sons, two of which lived to adulthood, the other four are Henrik, Erik, Aage, and Ernest. Henrik is a M.D., Erik is a Chemical Engineer, Ernest is a Lawyer, and Aage became a theoretical physicist and in 1975 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics along with Ben Mottelson and Leo Rainwater "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection".
Further DevelopmentsWork
During World for Peace Award.Arward.
Bohr was also acquainted with Einstein and although the two were both brilliant physicists Einstein's belief about physics was that it would rationalize what was happening in the world, Bohr was simply interested in the equations and did not worry about how they related to reality. Bohr served, until his death on November 18, 1965, as head of the Institute of Theoretical Physics at Copenhagen University which was established for him. Bohr also published many writings and has well over 100 published works including three books.
Sources
http://www.usd.edu/phys/courses/phys300/gallery/clark/bohr.html
http://nobelprize.org
http://physics.eou.edu/students/crutcher/Bohr.html
Photo Sources
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Niels_Bohr.jpg

Bohr became intrigued by this and spent much of his time working on the further development of this theory. In 1913 Bohr published his model of atomic structure which stated that electrons traveled in orbitals around the nucleus of an atom, that the electrons in the outer orbitals determined the chemical properties of the atom, and that radiation from the atoms happened when electrons lost energy and moved down an orbital. This work earned him "The Nobel Prize in Physics for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them".
Family
lived to adulthood. Theadulthood, the other four are Henrik, Erik, Aage, and Ernest. Henrik is a M.D., Erik is a Chemical Engineer, Ernest is a Lawyer, and Aage became a theoretical physicist and in 1975 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics along with Ben Mottelson and Leo Rainwater "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection".
Further Developments
During World War 2 Bohr fled Denmark to Switzerland and then in the final two years of the war to the United States. He began to work on the Manhatten Project soon after his arrival to the U.S. however after the creaion of the atomic bomb he became a huge proponent of the constructive and peaceful uses of atomic energy and in 1957 he was awarded the first Atoms for Peace Award.